Category: Industrial Action

  • The Great Big Utterly Massive 1979 ITV Strike Datablast – Part 2

    The Great Big Utterly Massive 1979 ITV Strike Datablast – Part 2

    We continue with our look at ITV basically falling headfirst into a skip with some press reports of the time (mainly from the Daily Mirror and the Daily Express, as those are the two papers I have easiest access to)…

    What The Papers Said

    As you can imagine, ITV going into a coma was major news:

    Newspaper scan. Headline: "TV ON THE BLANK". In the corner of the scan is a blurry photo the Daily Mirror have taken of an early version of that blue caption.

    Daily Mirror, Wednesday 8th August 1979Front Page

    ALL ITV programmes could be blacked out by the weekend. […] Singer Andy Williams was turned away yesterday when he went to ATV’s Elstree studios to appear on the Muppet Show. Thames say they may have to scrap the latest series of comedian Tom O’Connor’s London Night Out.
    And Yorkshire have had to postpone recording the next Sandbaggers secret service series and Derek Nimmo’s Life Begins at Forty. Harlech stopped transmitting last night when The TV technicians started nationwide guerilla action after they were offered a 20 per cent rise in reply to their demand for 25 per cent.
    Tempers frayed when workers were suspended for refusing to work overtime and others walked out in protest.
    A spokesman for ACTT, the largest union involved in the dispute, said they had offered to go to arbitration, but ITV had turned them down.

    Note the early version of the apology caption in the corner of the article, snapped by the Mirror off a telly – “We are sorry to tell you that there will be no further programmes on this channel today. We will give you more information tomorrow.” And because I’m that sort of person, I tried to recreate it in a teletext editor.

    Listing of Thames schedule (under the name of just "London", due to LWT.)

    From page 16 of the same edition of the Mirror, we see what was meant to be broadcast on Thames that day, instead of the blue caption – note the oddly hopeful statement indicating “Industrial action may affect ITV programmes”. Bit of an understatement, that…

    Newspaper scan. The headline reads "Blankety-blank!". Article text mentions much the same details as this blog post. To the right side is a picture of Noele Gordon - whose mother, the first person to appear on Crossroads, has just died.

    The Daily Express, front page, 8th August 1979 – includes details on the failed HTV news broadcast. Meanwhile, the first person to appear on Crossroads has died. Babylon (70s ITV) is burning!

    TV listings scan, showing schedules for ATV (listed as "Midland"), Southern, Anglia, Westward, Granada and Yorkshire. As stated in the main text, Sophia Loren was on at 10:35 am on Anglia, but most likely wasn't.

    From the TV listings of the same edition of The Express. This is what may have been shown on these ITV regions as it slipped over the edge, allowing for all sorts of random things to be replaced with blue screens…

    Of special note is the fact that Sophia Loren might have been on at 10:35 in the morning in Anglia. Not a show of any kind, just Sophia Loren, on her own? I mean, obviously not – it must have been a brief documentary about her or something – but the idea of her just popping up and reading out kid’s birthdays (right in the middle of the usual summer morning kid’s programmes) is too amusing to ignore.

    Imagine if she linked into Runaround at the end, and then apologised when it didn’t appear. Imagine Sophia Loren talking about “striking members of the ACTT”.

    Newspaper scan. Article text: "ITV blackout goes nationwide. ITV screens throughout Britain will be blacked out all weekend. Sports fans will be especially disappointed with racing, golf and speedway scheduled for this afternoon. Later casualties today will be Sale of the Century and Police Woman. The indefinite blackout came after the technicians' union ACTT ordered its members to strike. This was in reply to a management ultimatum from ITV: work normally or not at all. ITV warned members of ACTT and two other unions involved in the pay dispute to return to work by next Wednesday. If they didn't, they would be locked out. An ACTT spokesman last night put the blame for the blackout on "the unfortunate attitude" of management in response to the "moderate claim." There was a glimmer of hope after the ITV companies and unions agreed to hold further joint talks with ACAS the conciliation body. But the meeting is not until Tuesday. The dispute began after the unions rejected a nine per cent offer. This was raised to 15 per cent, plus five per cent in fringe benefits. But the unions are holding out for 25 per cent."

    Skipping ahead to Saturday 11th August, the Daily Mirror confirms the nationwide blackout. At this point there’s still some vague hope (outside of the actual industry, perhaps) that it might be sorted out within the next week.

    A small snippet of the Daily Mirror's Saturday TV pages, labelled "THE WEEK AHEAD".

    Unfortunately the recent developments have revealed how far ahead the Mirror’s TV coverage is written. “Britain’s Strongest Man” is “wacky”?

    “But you’ve got to search hard for anything worthwhile.” The IBA Engineering Announcements are worth a look, Mirror TV Critic Bloke!

    Newspaper scan - "BLANK OUT ON TV" on right side, left side has scary picture of a nurse in full "anti-rabies" gear.

    And here we have a section of the front page of the Express that same Saturday. Pretty much the same thing as before with no further new information – but check out that side article! RABIES IS HERE! RABIES MEANS DEATH! And then the actual article casually reveals that it was all a false alarm. Classic Express. The twats.

    ITV listing from the Daily Express, from the same edition as the previous picture. "Programmes subject to disruption or cancellation due to industrial action".

    That edition’s TV listings are also caught on the hop. The now-familiar disclaimer looks absurdly optimistic.

    Sadly, it seems that we’ll never find out what the bloody hell “BONKERS with Cleo Laine” was all about. The mind boggles at what that might have entailed. “Jazz ‘n’ jewellery, jazz ‘n’ jewellery…

    TV listing excerpt from 13th August 1979 edition of The Mirror.

    The following Monday’s Daily Mirror (13th August 1979) now has a slightly more realistic disclaimer: “ITV programmes are published in case there is a settlement of the industrial action which has stopped broadcasts.”

    No Jamie And The Magic Torch today. Or “Sidekicks”, whatever that was – it seems to have been considered important enough to print in capitals.

    But what was going on over in Jersey?

    Are you ready for a through analysis of Channel Televison’s listings, covering the late summer and early autumn of 1979? Well, you’d better be, or else the Major will have some stern words to say to you upon your next visit to Benest’s of Milbrook (and FINE PRICE! ST. CLEMENT’S CLOSE ROAD).

    As you might have guessed, upon the first Monday after the strike began all the national newspapers haven’t yet adjusted to whatever the new schedules of ITV’s only station were. This is what the Daily Mirror lists on that date:

    Tv listings from newspaper. Contents are: 12.30 Emmerdale Farm. 1.0 News. 1.20 Channel News; What's On. 1.30 All About Toddlers. 2.0 Rumpole of the Bailey. 3.0 Lucas Tanner (TV film). 4.20 Clapperboard. 4.45 Why Can't I Go Home? 5.15 Cabbages and Kings. 5.45 News. 6.0 Channel News. 6.10 Beverly Hillbillies. 6.35 Crossroads. 7.0 Britain's Strongest Man. 7.30 Coronation Street. 8.0 Spooner's Patch. 8.30 World in Action. 9.0 Best Sellers. 10.0 News. 10.28 Channel News. 10.32 Best Sellers. 11.15 Family. 12.10 News.

    Lucas Tanner probably went out as usual, but would have probably been joined by a couple of other films and inported ITC shows. By Tuesday, the various TV newspaper listings are being adjusted to acommodate the strike action.

    Newspaper scan - "PAGE 16", "DAILY MIRROR, Tuesday, August 14, 1979" - above the BBC1 listing reads the following: "Our usual full programme guide is restricted during the ITV dispute."

    The Mirror only prints the London and Midland ITV listings in the vain hope of everyone having a meeting and sorting everything out, along with the still inaccurate Channel listings.

    Listings of what would have been on ATV, and perhaps some of what was actually on Channel TV.

    By August 17th it’s pretty clear that this state of affairs isn’t being resolved any time soon, although the papers are still printing what would have been on normally in London and the Midlands. However, they do seem to be printing Channel’s actual line up now. From the Mirror on this day:

    Channel ITV listing from 17th August 1979. Channel Report has now become the hour-long "Report Extra".

    The giveaway being that you can see their local news has been extended to a full hour – which apparently included a brief rundown of national / international news. This is said to have involved someone driving to the northernmost part of the islands, switching the car radio to Radio 4, hurriedly scribbling down everything that was said, and then racing back to the studios to re-write it into a script.

    In the same edition and on the same page, mention is made of the choice every viewer has at this point – watch the two BBC channels, or nothing at all. Everybody naturally goes for the former.

    Article about the ITV blackout leading to nothing but BBC TV - headline: "Brightening up a dark age" - the article begins: "WITH ITV still in the dark ages, we TV addicts must rely on good old Auntie BBC to brighten our evenings. Trouble is the poor old lady, always complaining she is hard up, insists on serving up repeats and more repeats. Tonight, for instance, both channels are putting out several such programmes during the peak hours. A bit much, isn't it? Well, this IS the silly season when half of Britain seems to be on holiday."

    Despite the very 70s / 80s complaint of TOO MANY REPEATS COME ON BBC, this article makes no mention of the fact that one of them is Spike Milligan’s Q (Q7, to be precise). Despite Spike himself being pictured right above this column, the writer goes on at length about Des O’Connor Tonight, which was on BBC1 at that point before the eventual move to Thames.

    Admittedly this would be because it’s only being repeated in the London area. The reason being this.

    On Saturday 18 August, the Daily Mirror has a weird spell of desperate, screaming denial by printing a full range of ITV programmes that are not being broadcast. That’s because they’d already set the pages out beforehand and had to print them, but I like the idea of everyone at a newspaper office going insane from no BJ And The Bear.

    However, the same edition does have this interesting little nugget of info in a corner of the page:

    Your TV Top Ten

    With all areas except Channel hit by the ITV dispute BBC-1 had the top ten to itself in the week ended August 12. Here are the JICTAR ratings:

    1 Seaside Special
    2 Des O’Connor Tonight
    3 To Catch a Thief
    4 Sword of Justice
    5 It Ain’t Half Hot Mum
    6 The Hunchback of Notre Dame
    7 Return to Paradise
    8 Star Trek
    9 The Golden Fiddle Awards
    10 Juke Box Jury

    This is a bit of a diversion, but here’s what the less recognisable bits of that Top 10 might be. “To Catch A Thief” was most likely the Alfred Hitchcock film from 1955. “Sword Of Justice” was a Glen A. Larson show imported from the States, about “the weekly adventures of wealthy playboy soldier-of-fortune Jack Cole“.

    Meanwhile, “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” is again very probably an old movie version, perhaps the 1939 one with Charles Laughton – there was another from 1923 starring Lon Chaney, but as that was a silent film it’s less likely.

    “Return To Paradise” was possibly yet another old movie, this time a Gary Cooper vehicle from 1953 (“An American drifter comes to a remote Polynesian island controlled by a Puritanical missionary and turns the social life of the island upside-down“).

    Finally, precisely what “The Golden Fiddle Awards” was is unclear, although a quick search for it does turn up a Daily Record-sponsored compilation LP released the same year, featuring “the 250 players of the Golden Fiddle Orchestra and the 150 singers of the Scottish National Orchestra Junior Chorus“. Okay then!


    Monday 20 August 1979 seems to have been the date where the newspapers were able to fully adjust their page layouts to fit the situation, finally dropping the intended ITV schedules and just printing Channel’s. This is from the Mirror on 22nd August:

    Channel ITV listing from 22nd August 1979. "The only ITV station operating".

    The pictured movie at 8.25, “Seven Ways From Sundown”, clearly stars one Venetia Stevenson. According to The Movie Database, this is a Western about the following: “A Texas Ranger must capture an outlaw and take him-in, while tangling with savage Apaches and greedy bounty-hunters on the way back to jail“. So, standard cowboy shite.

    And if you’re wondering what in the Christ “Kum Kum” is, it’s a Japanese anime that was also shown in some other ITV regions (not at this time, obviously) – HTV also ran it in the late 70s and very early 80s.

    But why isn’t Coronation Street on in Guernsey?

    Finally, a quick look at the average viewer’s odd conception of what Channel TV was broadcasting at this point. Including, it would seem, a tabloid newspaper journalist.

    MISSING “Crossroads”? Desperate for Ena? Longing to see Reggie and Anna again?

    I was — and then I remembered the Channel[.]

    So I packed a toothbrush and headed for Jersey which boasts the only ITV company still operating during the strike.

    As I arrived, the sun was simmering the sea and blistering the bodies out in front of the hotel. But there was no time for all that.

    My fingers trembled as pushed the “on” button.

    Saturday afternoon – my first dose of “World of Sport” for weeks. Who would be on, I wondered, as the set warmed to life.

    It was the test card – Channel doesn’t start broadcasting till 5 o’clock.

    I dunked my disappointment in a cup of tea and settled down to wait – and watched cricket – on the Beeb.

    It was the sort of Indian summer I hadn’t planned. But come seven o’clock it would be a whole new ball-game. “The Bionic Woman” would be on. It said so in the local paper.

    Sure enough, there she was. My little electronic lovely doing battle with the baddies of darkest Africa. As I watched her triumphing over evil, I relaxed like a junkie after his first fix.

    So this was what ITV was like. The memories flooded back.

    The rest of the article features a lot of random tourists saying how they only miss the racing, or how they’re more interested in the Michael Caine film being shown on BBC1, or how they didn’t realise ITV was still going over here. It’s quite a contrast to how local viewers are said to have praised this new version of the service.

    And then there’s a quote from Roy and Mary Smith, a couple who went on holiday specifically to the Channel Islands just to watch ITV. According to Mary:

    I booked our holiday thinking we could see all our telly favourites. I expected to watch “Coronation Street” and “Crossroads” when I got here. Instead all I’ve found is old American films. It’s such a disappointment.

    A rather more serious quote comes from Ken Killip, Channel’s managing director:

    Our local advertising has increased since the start of the dispute, but because we have a marketing arrangement with Westward, our national advertising has died. There’s no doubt that if the strike goes on for much longer we would be in serious trouble.


    NEXT TIME: Finally! We’re welcomed, welcomed, welcomed home...

  • The Great Big Utterly Massive 1979 ITV Strike Datablast – Part 1

    The Great Big Utterly Massive 1979 ITV Strike Datablast – Part 1

    The 1979 ITV strike was the biggest and most notorious spell of industrial action that the network had ever seen (and would ever see). Over the course of this three part series of posts, I’ll be gathering as much information as I can about the strike, and trying my best to uncover the actual facts obscured by the over-familiar tales of the time.

    The blue screen of death…
    a timeline of events from initial trouble to complete shutdown

    The infamous blue caption which made up the majority of ITV's output from August to October 1979. In a computer generated teletext font are the words that were burned into the memories of an entire generation: "We are sorry that programmes have been interrupted. There is an industrial dispute. Transmissions will start again as soon as possible."

    May 1979

    • The unions begin their negotiations with the various ITV companies for pay during the forthcoming 1979-80 period. The ACTT – one of the main unions within ITV – ask for a 25 per cent pay increase, claiming that the profits of the ITV companies had been going up faster than staff earnings.
    • ITV offers a rise of around 9 per cent for all staff. The ACTT reject the offer.

    30th June 1979

    • The existing pay agreement for 1978-79 runs out. There has been no further development over ITV’s offer.

    17th July 1979

    • The ACTT votes in favour of major industrial action, with the option of a full-on strike.

    18th July 1979

    • EETPU, the electricians’ union, threaten a one-day strike to occur the following Monday. This is a major problem as these workers are responsible for actually ensuring the stations have electricity to broadcast with. When asked, Granada admit that they might not even be able to transmit so much as a caption from their studios apologising for the lack of service.
    • NATTKE, the union for scenery movers and prop handers (as well as switchboard operators), announce they are going work-to-rule from the same date. This would affect production on various pre-recorded shows such as dramas, comedies, and so on.

    Monday 23rd July 1979

    • The EETPU one-day strike goes ahead. ITV is completely off the air for the whole of Monday.

    Friday 27th July 1979

    • Negotations between the ITV companies and EETPU and NATTKE resume. ITV raises their offer to a 15% pay rise, plus 5% fringe benefits. EETPU and NATTKE recommend their members to accept the offer.
    • LWT only manage to transmit for about an hour (after taking over from Thames at 7pm as usual). They go off the air at 8pm, and remain off for the rest of the evening.

    Monday 30th July 1979

    • The ITV companies make an equivalent offer to the ACTT, after what was given to the EETPU and NATTKE.

    Friday 3rd August 1979

    • The memberships of the EETPU and NATTKE go against the recommendation to accept the offer, and choose to continue industrial action.

    Monday 6th August 1979

    • This is the point where everything really starts to go wrong: Southern Television are the first off air, going silent at around 6pm. (I have read somewhere on the internet that the announcer present at the time, Christopher Robbie, signed off in a slightly cryptic manner: “We’re going to leave you for a while now. Please don’t go away…” Annoyingly I haven’t been able to confirm that.)
    • Thames follow during News At Ten, at 10:07pm. Halfway through the first half of the bulletin, technicians simply turn the power off. When the management switches everything back on again, everyone walks out.
    • HTV don’t quite fall off the air, but are only allowed to finish News At Ten and the night’s programming via “restricted output” – in other words, workers allowed the management to continue operating the station themselves, but the engineers had withdrawn their labour.
    • Ulster Television possibly went off-air this night, but the contemporary reports are vague as to the actual day.

    Tuesday 7th August 1979

    • Southern’s workers give the station a brief respite, and they resume broadcasting at 7pm.
    • ITN’s news service is blacked out just before an edition of News At One, which was to be presented by Anna Ford. No further national news broadcasts would occur for the rest of the strike.
    • The ACTT ask the ITV companies to take their present pay dispute to arbitration. ITV refuses.
    • Workers at HTV decide to stage their own unauthorised local news bulletin, to be broadcast without management approval, presumably in place of News At 5:45. The bulletin was to be broadcast from tables set up in the HTV car park rather than the studios. Rather bizarrely considering everything that’s going on, ITN actually send a film crew to record the HTV staff’s rehearsals. HTV’s management respond to all this by phoning up the IBA in a panic and asking their own station to be disconnected from the transmitters. They promptly go silent.
    • Ulster is definitely off air after this date.

    Wednesday 8th August 1979

    • ATV’s local production of programmes stops completely, but service remains, albeit with the now-increasing disruption to the schedules also seen in other regions.

    Thursday 9th August 1979

    • Grampian go off the air.
    • The companies that can more or less be confirmed as still broadcasting to mainland UK by this point are Scottish Television, ATV, Southern, Westward, and Yorkshire. Granada are possibly still about, as well as Border.
    • The Association of Independent Television Companies – representing the ITV managment – make a final demand that unless the unions lift their overtime ban, all 15 regional companies will stop broadcasting by next Wednesday.

    Friday 10th August 1979

    • As a result of the aformentioned demand from the ITV management, the ACTT calls out all ITV members who had not already been suspended to go on strike for the next 24 hours. The strike is to begin at 6pm. Other unions don’t officially go on strike for another week or so, but this means that the attempts to keep ITV on the air are now effectively over, bar the shouting (between management and shop stewards in the transmission galleries).
    • As that fateful day’s service begins, the management of the remaining stations are still demanding transmission staff to take programming from what remains of the network. Everyone involved refuses to take any network feeds, or transmit anything to the other companies.
    • Yorkshire is supposed to broadcast a movie (“Operation Crossbow”, 1965) to both their own region and the network. The film doesn’t appear.
    • Someone at Anglia apparently decides to substitute one scheduled programme from ATV (most likely The Feathered Serpent, intended for 4:20pm) with a locally sourced copy of a different ATV programme – possibly an episode of the Leonard Rossiter sitcom The Losers. As with HTV, this prompts Anglia’s management to ask the IBA to disconnect the station from their transmitters.
    • ITV slowly falls completely off the air. An incredibly erratic service – if it can be called that – continues in some regions until the early evening. Going by descriptions of Scottish’s output (see Tony Currie’s memories below), the only things transmitted are entire ad breaks with no surrounding programming, interspersed with white-on-blue IBA captions and the occasional announcer popping up to apologise that no actual shows were going out. This absurd state of affairs continues until 6pm, at which point the strike is official and everyone’s out…
    • …Except for EETPU and NATTKE members, who will continue to show up for work for another week or so despite ITV having ground to a halt. Eventually they are locked out by the end of August.
    • Naturally, LWT fails to start up in London at 7pm. The weekend will have to start somewhere else for the next 11 weeks.
    • But in St. Helier, broadcasting continues with what is now the only ITV region – and it’ll remain that way until October. Shortly before everything goes kablooey, a van is dispatched to England to get as many film reels of random movies and ITC serials as they can bring back. This precious cargo is the main thing that will sustain Channel until late autumn.

    The above is hopefully as complete and accurate as possible – if any further info comes along, amendements will be made. This was put together with the help of various pages at Transdiffusion, archived pages from the Mausoleum Club forum on archive.org, and this wiki: https://wiki.scotlandonair.com/wiki/1979_ITV_strike

    IBA Engineering Announcements
    for absolutely anyone who’s still watching

    One interesting detail is that the IBA Engineering Announcements continued to be broadcast as normal, and were the only regular form of programming on the national network during the strike. (The IBA refused to get sucked into any of the unfolding chaos, not wanting to upset their fairly decent relationship with all the unions concerned.) Here’s an example of an edition from 1977, which is the oldest surviving one:

    On top of that, during the 7th September a unique network-wide test of various internal test patterns and cards were broadcast during daytime hours to make sure everything was still in working order, so that the viewers could eventually be Welcome Welcome Welcomed Home. The following is from a letter by Paul Gardiner of the IBA Engineering Information Service, which was written to someone who can only be identified online as, er, “pm5544”:

    The special test signals that you saw were originated in London and fed to the entire ITV network – the purpose was to check the correct operation of the network by measuring various technical parameters at different places including Post Office Network Switching Centres, and various transmitting stations. Various tests are regularly carried out over parts of the distribution network (these signals are not normally radiated by transmitters), but there was a unique opportunity to carry out tests throughout the entire network during normal working hours.

    The regular apology caption is said to have recieved regular audiences of up to 1 million – this is possibly down to the tapes of classical music that the IBA played out over the slide, as well as people leaving it on in the hope Crossroads would suddenly appear. Here’s Paul Gardiner again, from early September 1979.

    Two pieces of music were played until about a week ago [the end of August]: Beethoven Piano Concerto No 3, and Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No 1. These have subsequently been replaced with a tape consisting of Brahms Symphony No 2 (Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra), Mahler Symphony No 4 (Israel Philharmonic Orchestra), and ‘New Year’s Day Concert in Vienna’ (Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra.

    And in the Yorkshire region, the regular caption was replaced for a while with a police message asking the public for any information on the Yorkshire Ripper, who was still at large at the time.

    A continuity announcer’s lot is not always a happy one

    Here’s the an account of the Backroom Boys™ drama that unfolded that Friday in STV, from an announcer working at that station at the time – Tony Currie.

    On the day the strike spread to the whole country I was duty announcer at STV, and at 2pm we were due to transmit a feature film that was networked to us from Yorkshire TV. I was told to introduce the film, but not what to do if it failed to run. About ten minutes to go and the senior management of STV were in Master Control arguing loudly with the Transmission Controller and the ACTT Shop Steward. At one point the Director of Programmes and Transmission Controller were arguing about what I was supposed to say. Over talkback, I said “Gentlemen – you will know what I’ve said when you’ve heard me say it on air!”

    The film was ‘laced up’ in YTV’s telecine so we could see six in the gate on the preview monitor. (It took five seconds for a film to get up to speed so the film would be set up with the leader showing the number SIX. When it rolled the film leader would count down to 4 then go to black for the final couple of seconds before starting) I knew that if the film stayed on the SIX then we weren’t getting it, and the Union had ‘blacked’ any local substitute which meant we would have to go off the air.

    Ignoring the standoff in the control room (where it was very tense indeed) I introduced the film. Nothing happened. So I said “Well,I’m afraid that due to an industrial dispute we’re unable to bring you the film. it’s a lovely sunny day outside so I suggest you go and enjoy it now and we’ll be back with you at 5.15 for “Crossroads”!”

    We faded to black and everybody marched out. Black Hill [the main IBA transmitting facility for STV] took control and put out the apology caption and music. Later the crew came back to go through the whole pantomime again. Black Hill switched back to Cowcaddens [the STV studios] for a commercial break, my colleague Pauline Muirhead introduced “Crossroads” (which of course failed to run) and then we let Black Hill show the caption for half an hour. Then back to STV for another commercial break and Pauline apologised for the absence of “News at 5.45” and we were off the air for 12 weeks.

    (Excerpted from this link: https://web.archive.org/web/20090813101652/http://www.tvforum.co.uk/forums/topic29807/page2)

    NEXT TIME: The press reacts, Jersey goes into overdrive, and a famous movie star makes a surprise appearance.